11. Which of the following is not one of the new thoughts of or about God that were formulated in the Axial Age?


A. Many Gods
B. Divine God
[C. Single God]
D. Involved God

C is incorrect

To determine which of the options is not one of the new thoughts of or about God formulated in the Axial Age, we need to understand what the Axial Age refers to and the characteristics associated with it.

The Axial Age refers to a period of time around the 8th to 3rd centuries BCE when several major civilizations experienced significant shifts in religious, philosophical, and ethical thought. During this time, new ideas and concepts about the divine, spirituality, and the nature of God emerged.

Let's analyze the options provided:

A. Many Gods: This belief system is known as polytheism and was prevalent in many ancient civilizations before the Axial Age.

B. Divine God: This option is somewhat unclear as it doesn't specify the exact nature of the "Divine God." However, the concept of a divine being or beings was prevalent in many religious and cultural systems. It's possible that this option is referring to the concept of a higher power or a divine realm, which did exist before the Axial Age.

C. Single God: This option refers to the concept of monotheism, the belief in the existence of only one God. This idea emerged during the Axial Age and is seen in the development of religions like Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and later Christianity and Islam. Therefore, this option is one of the new thoughts formulated during the Axial Age, making it an incorrect answer to the question.

D. Involved God: The concept of an involved God refers to a deity that actively intervenes or participates in the affairs of humans or the world. This idea is often associated with the personal relationship between individuals and their supreme being. While the degree of involvement may have varied, the notion of an involved God is not unique to the Axial Age, as it can be traced back to previous religious traditions as well.

Based on this analysis, the option not one of the new thoughts of or about God formulated in the Axial Age is C. Single God.