1.) a buffer is a substance which:
a) donates H+ in acidic solutions
b) accepts H+ in basic solutions
c) accepts OH- in basic solution
d) donates H+ in basic solution
e) donates OH- in acidic solution
f) accepts H+ in acid solution
g) accepts OH- in acid solution
h) donates OH- in basic solutions
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand what a buffer is and how it behaves in different solutions.
A buffer is a substance or a mixture of substances that helps maintain the pH balance (acidity or alkalinity) of a solution by resisting changes in its pH. It can do this by either accepting or donating protons (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-) depending on the solution.
Let's analyze each option:
a) Donates H+ in acidic solutions: This statement is incorrect because a buffer in an acidic solution would actually work by accepting H+ ions to prevent a sharp decrease in pH.
b) Accepts H+ in basic solutions: This statement is correct. In a basic or alkaline solution, a buffer will act by accepting H+ ions to prevent a sharp increase in pH.
c) Accepts OH- in basic solutions: This statement is incorrect. Buffers do not typically interact with hydroxide ions in basic solutions.
d) Donates H+ in basic solutions: This statement is incorrect. In a basic solution, a buffer would accept H+ ions rather than donate them.
e) Donates OH- in acidic solutions: This statement is incorrect. Buffers do not typically interact with hydroxide ions in acidic solutions.
f) Accepts H+ in acid solution: This statement is correct. In an acidic solution, a buffer will act by accepting H+ ions to prevent a sharp decrease in pH.
g) Accepts OH- in acid solution: This statement is incorrect. Buffers do not typically interact with hydroxide ions in acidic solutions.
h) Donates OH- in basic solutions: This statement is incorrect. Buffers do not typically interact with hydroxide ions in basic solutions.
In summary, the correct answer is:
b) Accepts H+ in basic solutions
f) Accepts H+ in acid solutions