how to draw atomic structure for elements from scandium to zinc ?and what is their valency number.plz show me the shell structure.
Through element #20 (Ca), it is
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2.
For elements 21 through 30 (Sc through Zn) you fill the d orbitals. The way to remember how many d electrons (there are two exceptions) is it's the second number of the atomic number. That is Sc has 21 (from the 1 in 21), Ti has 22, V has 23 etc. The two exceptions are Cr and Cu.Cr,#24,--instead of [Ne]3d4 4s2 it is [Ne] 3d5 4s1--that is the d and s orbitals are BOTH half filled). The same kind of thing happens at Cu, #29. Instead of [Ne]3d9 4s2 it is 3d10 4s1. I call this the DrBob rule.
Drawing the atomic structure for elements from scandium (atomic number 21) to zinc (atomic number 30) involves showing the arrangement of electrons in their respective electron shells. To do this, you need the knowledge of electron configurations and the periodic table.
1. Determine the electron configuration:
The electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals of an element. For elements from scandium to zinc, you can find their electron configurations on the periodic table or by using the Aufbau principle. Here are the electron configurations for each element:
Scandium (Sc) - [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Titanium (Ti) - [Ar] 3d2 4s2
Vanadium (V) - [Ar] 3d3 4s2
Chromium (Cr) - [Ar] 3d5 4s1
Manganese (Mn) - [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Iron (Fe) - [Ar] 3d6 4s2
Cobalt (Co) - [Ar] 3d7 4s2
Nickel (Ni) - [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Copper (Cu) - [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Zinc (Zn) - [Ar] 3d10 4s2
2. Draw the electron shells:
To draw the atomic structure, you can represent each shell as a circle or an ellipse. The first shell (K shell) can hold up to 2 electrons, the second shell (L shell) can hold up to 8 electrons, and the third shell (M shell) can hold up to 18 electrons.
- Scandium (Sc): Sc has 21 electrons. Place 2 electrons in the 1st shell (K), 8 electrons in the 2nd shell (L), and 9 electrons in the 3rd shell (M). The valency number for Sc is +3 because it tends to lose 3 electrons.
- Titanium (Ti): Ti has 22 electrons. Place 2 electrons in the 1st shell (K), 8 electrons in the 2nd shell (L), and 12 electrons in the 3rd shell (M). The valency number for Ti is +4 because it tends to lose 4 electrons.
- Continue this process for the remaining elements using their respective electron configurations and shell capacities as references.
Note: For the valency number, it is necessary to understand the concept of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom's electron configuration that are involved in chemical bonding. The valency of an element corresponds to the number of valence electrons it has, which can be determined from the periodic table.
Remember that the atomic structure you draw should represent the number and distribution of electrons in the element's electron shells.