In a chemically active extraction, a three-component mixture of acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, and caffeine in ethyl acetate solution is separated into its individual components first by extraction with a pH 8 buffer solution, then a subsequent extraction with dilute potassium hydroxide solution. Match the statement to the component in the mixture. Not all statements will be used.
Components:
acetylsalicylic acid or caffeine or acetaminophen
Statements:
1) this molecule is least acidic
2)this molecule is most acidic
3) this molecule is recovered by rotary evaporation
4) this molecule is extracted from ethyl acetate by 1 M HCl solution
5) this molecule remains in ethyl acetate solution throughout the extractions
6)this molecule is extracted from ethyl acetate by a pH 8 phosphate buffer
7)this molecule is extracted from ethyl acetate by 1 M KOH solution
To determine the matching statement for each component in the mixture, we need to analyze the given information about the extraction process:
1) In the first extraction step, a pH 8 buffer solution is used. This suggests that the compound with the highest basicity will be extracted since acids react with bases. Therefore, statement 2) "this molecule is most acidic" will correspond to the component extracted at this step.
2) In the subsequent extraction with dilute potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, we can assume that the basic component remaining in ethyl acetate solution will be extracted. So, statement 7) "this molecule is extracted from ethyl acetate by 1 M KOH solution" will correspond to the component extracted at this step.
3) The remaining component should be the one that does not react with the pH 8 buffer or KOH solution. This component would stay in ethyl acetate solution throughout the extractions. Therefore, statement 5) "this molecule remains in ethyl acetate solution throughout the extractions" will correspond to this component.
Now, based on the statements assigned to the components, let's match the remaining statements:
4) Since statement 2) "this molecule is most acidic" has already been assigned, the statement 1) "this molecule is least acidic" must correspond to the remaining component.
5) Since statement 5) "this molecule remains in ethyl acetate solution throughout the extractions" has already been assigned, the remaining statement 6) "this molecule is extracted from ethyl acetate by a pH 8 phosphate buffer" must correspond to the last component.
6) Finally, the last remaining statement, 3) "this molecule is recovered by rotary evaporation", will correspond to the component extracted by the pH 8 buffer (statement 2)).
Therefore, the correct mapping of statements to components in the mixture is:
acetylsalicylic acid: 2) this molecule is most acidic
caffeine: 7) this molecule is extracted from ethyl acetate by 1 M KOH solution
acetaminophen: 3) this molecule is recovered by rotary evaporation