Ethnographic methods are to ethnological methods as to what
Ethnographic methods are a subset of anthropological research methods that focus on gathering information about a specific culture or society through participant observation and direct engagement with the people being studied. Ethnological methods, on the other hand, refer to broader comparative studies of different cultures or societies.
To understand what ethnographic methods are to ethnological methods, we can draw a parallel with the relationship between micro-level and macro-level research. Ethnographic methods are primarily concerned with detailed, on-the-ground investigations of a specific group or community, aiming to understand their way of life, practices, beliefs, and social dynamics. This often involves spending an extended period of time living with and actively participating in the community being studied, conducting interviews, observation, and immersive fieldwork.
Ethnological methods, on the other hand, involve broader comparative analysis of multiple cultures or societies. Ethnologists study patterns and variations across different groups, often using secondary data, historical records, and cross-cultural comparisons. They look for commonalities and differences in social institutions, cultural practices, language, kinship systems, and other aspects of human societies. Ethnologists employ a wide range of methods, including archival research, surveys, statistical analysis, and documentary analysis.
In summary, ethnographic methods are focused on detailed, immersive research of a specific culture or community, while ethnological methods are concerned with broader comparisons and generalizations across multiple cultures or societies.