1)As a volunteer subject in a sleep research lab, Conrad is routinely awakened each time he shows physiological signs of entering REM sleep. As a result, we would not be surprised to discover that, during Session 19, when Conrad is left undisturbed all night,
A. The content of Conrad's dreams tends to reflect concern with excretive functions.
B. Conrad exhibits more time spent in REM sleep.
C. Conrad exhibits less time spent in REM sleep.
D. The content of Conrad's dreams is significantly more focused on threat or violence.
2) During the ___phase of problem solving, a means-ends analysis is a very common heuristic.
A.algorithm
B.preparation
C.judgment
D.production
3) Professor Dore maintains that language develops through the interplay of genetically determined factors and environmental influences that shape how language is learned. Professor Dore supports the
A.interaction approach to language development
B.nativist approach to language development
C.learning theory approach to language development
D.linguistic-relativity hypothesis
1) To answer this question, we can use deductive reasoning by considering the information given. Conrad is routinely awakened whenever he shows physiological signs of entering REM sleep. This suggests that the purpose of the study is to disrupt and observe the effects of REM sleep. Therefore, if Conrad is left undisturbed all night during Session 19, we would expect to see a change in his REM sleep patterns.
Option B states that Conrad exhibits more time spent in REM sleep. Since the purpose of the study is to disrupt REM sleep, this option doesn't align with our understanding.
Option A suggests that the content of Conrad's dreams tends to reflect concern with excretive functions. However, there is no information provided to support this assumption.
Option D states that the content of Conrad's dreams is significantly more focused on threat or violence. Again, there is no information provided to support this assumption.
This leaves us with option C, which states that Conrad exhibits less time spent in REM sleep. This option aligns with our understanding that Conrad is being awakened whenever he enters REM sleep. Therefore, option C is the most likely answer.
2) To answer this question, we need to know what a means-ends analysis is and in which phase of problem solving it is commonly used.
A means-ends analysis is a problem-solving heuristic where individuals try to reduce the discrepancy between the current state and the desired goal state by identifying and implementing actions that bring them closer to the goal. This strategy involves breaking down the problem into sub-goals and finding ways to bridge the gap between them.
Now, let's consider the options:
Option A: Algorithm - An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. While means-ends analysis can be seen as a form of step-by-step procedure, it is not the specific phase it refers to.
Option B: Preparation - Preparation refers to the initial stage of problem solving, where individuals gather information and understand the problem. Means-ends analysis is not specific to this phase.
Option C: Judgment - Judgment refers to the evaluation of different possible solutions to a problem. Means-ends analysis is not specific to this phase either.
Option D: Production - Production refers to the final phase of problem solving, where individuals select and implement a solution. Means-ends analysis fits within this phase since it involves identifying and implementing actions to bridge the gap between the current state and the goal state.
Therefore, the answer is option D: Production.
3) To answer this question, we need to consider the different theories and perspectives on language development.
Option A: Interaction approach to language development - The interaction approach suggests that language develops through a combination of both innate factors (genetically determined) and environmental influences. This aligns with Professor Dore's viewpoint.
Option B: Nativist approach to language development - The nativist approach posits that language development is primarily driven by innate, biologically determined factors. This is not the perspective supported by Professor Dore.
Option C: Learning theory approach to language development - The learning theory approach emphasizes the role of environmental influences, particularly through reinforcement and conditioning, in language development. While environmental influences are considered important in Professor Dore's viewpoint, it is not the sole focus.
Option D: Linguistic-relativity hypothesis - The linguistic-relativity hypothesis proposes that the language we speak influences and shapes our thinking and cognition. This is not directly related to Professor Dore's viewpoint on the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
Therefore, the answer is option A: Interaction approach to language development.
1) The correct answer is C. Conrad is routinely awakened each time he shows physiological signs of entering REM sleep. This interruption of his sleep would likely result in less time spent in REM sleep during Session 19 when he is left undisturbed all night.
2) The correct answer is B. During the preparation phase of problem solving, a means-ends analysis is a very common heuristic.
3) The correct answer is A. Professor Dore supports the interaction approach to language development, which suggests that language develops through the interplay of genetically determined factors and environmental influences that shape how language is learned.