How to separate Pb2+ and Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, PO4-3 and CO3-2, and CO3-2 and CNS. Thankyou
I'll do the first one to show you how to get started.
Add HCl. Pb^2+ forms PbCl2 which is a ppt.
Cu^2+ no reaction.
Filter.
To separate Pb2+ and Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, PO4-3 and CO3-2, and CO3-2 and CNS, you can use a combination of precipitation and complexation reactions. Here is an explanation of how to separate each pair of ions:
1. Pb2+ and Cu2+:
- Add hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the mixture of Pb2+ and Cu2+. Pb2+ will form a white precipitate of lead(II) chloride (PbCl2), while Cu2+ will remain in the solution.
- Filtration can be used to separate the PbCl2 precipitate from the solution.
2. Pb2+ and Zn2+:
- Add sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to the mixture of Pb2+ and Zn2+. Pb2+ will form a white precipitate of lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4), while Zn2+ will remain in the solution.
- Filtration can be used to separate the PbSO4 precipitate from the solution.
3. Cu2+ and Zn2+:
- Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the mixture of Cu2+ and Zn2+. Cu2+ will form a blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2), while Zn2+ will remain in the solution.
- Filtration can be used to separate the Cu(OH)2 precipitate from the solution.
4. PO4-3 and CO3-2:
- Add silver nitrate (AgNO3) to the mixture of PO4-3 and CO3-2. PO4-3 will form a yellow precipitate of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4), while CO3-2 will remain in the solution.
- Filtration can be used to separate the Ag3PO4 precipitate from the solution.
5. CO3-2 and CNS:
- Add iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) solution to the mixture of CO3-2 and CNS. CO3-2 will react with FeCl3, forming a brown precipitate of iron(III) carbonate (Fe2(CO3)3), while CNS will remain in the solution.
- Filtration can be used to separate the Fe2(CO3)3 precipitate from the solution.
In each case, the separation process involves the formation of a precipitate, which can be filtered out from the remaining solution. It is important to follow safety measures and perform these experiments under suitable laboratory conditions. Also, consult relevant references or experts for detailed instructions and precautions.