. In annual plant, exchange of gases takes place mainly through
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In annual plants, the exchange of gases takes place mainly through the stomata located on the surface of their leaves. Stomata are small openings or pores found on the surface of plant leaves, stems, and other plant organs. They are surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells, which control the opening and closing of the stomata.
The exchange of gases, particularly carbon dioxide and oxygen, occurs during the process of photosynthesis and respiration. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air through the stomata and use it, along with sunlight and water, to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct. This process occurs in special structures called chloroplasts within the plant cells.
The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released into the air through the stomata. At the same time, the plants take in oxygen from the air for respiration. Respiration is the process through which plants and animals break down glucose to release energy. During respiration, carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product and is expelled from the plant through the stomata.
The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by various factors such as light, temperature, humidity, and the concentration of carbon dioxide. When the light intensity is high, the stomata open to allow for the uptake of carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis. Conversely, during high temperatures or low humidity, the stomata close to reduce water loss through evaporation.
In summary, the exchange of gases, mainly carbon dioxide and oxygen, in annual plants takes place through the stomata on the surface of their leaves. This process is crucial for their survival and the production of energy through photosynthesis and respiration.