I left out the following sentences. Thank you, Writeacher.
1) In contrast to Defoe's novels, there is also a sense of individual development within the story: characters are not static and the reader is almost a witness to their gradual development,
2) Richardson's heroines have much in common with each other: youth and charm,,, considerable self-will and knowledge, together with Christian piety.
3) The characters introduce one another using letters instead of speechm and the action is made up by (of???) a series of scenes with no general summaries.
To answer your questions:
1) The sentence is stating that Defoe's novels are different from Richardson's in terms of character development. In Defoe's novels, characters are portrayed as static and unchanging. On the other hand, in Richardson's novels, there is a sense of individual development among the characters. The reader gets to witness how the characters change and evolve over time.
To understand this, you can read both Defoe's novels and Richardson's novels and compare how the characters are portrayed. Look for instances where characters in each author's works undergo changes in their beliefs, behavior, or circumstances. Pay attention to the character development throughout the story and note any significant moments that contribute to their growth.
2) The sentence is drawing attention to the similarities among Richardson's heroines. They share common characteristics such as youth, charm, considerable self-will, knowledge, and Christian piety.
To gather evidence for this, you can read multiple novels by Richardson and identify the traits that his heroines possess. Look for instances in the text where these characteristics are explicitly mentioned or demonstrated through the actions and dialogues of the heroines.
3) The sentence is emphasizing a distinct narrative technique used by Richardson. In his novels, the characters communicate with each other through letters rather than through face-to-face conversation. Additionally, the story is composed of a series of scenes without any overarching summaries.
To understand this, you can read one of Richardson's novels and observe how the characters interact with each other primarily through written correspondence. Pay attention to the role that letters play in advancing the plot and how the lack of direct speech affects the storytelling. Note the absence of narrative summaries in between scenes and how this affects the pacing and structure of the novel.