Suppose 1400 J of heat energy are put into a sample of liquid water at 23°C, and the final temperature of the water is 78°C. How many grams of water are present?

q = mass H2O x specific heat H2O x (Tfinal-Tinitial)

1400 J = mass x 4.184 x (78-23)
mass H2O = ?

To calculate the mass of water, we need to use the heat capacity formula:

Q = m * c * ΔT

Where:
Q = heat energy (in joules)
m = mass of water (in grams)
c = specific heat capacity of water (4.18 J/g·°C)
ΔT = change in temperature (final temperature - initial temperature)

We know the following values:
Q = 1400 J
c = 4.18 J/g·°C
ΔT = 78°C - 23°C = 55°C

Substituting these values into the formula, we can solve for the mass of water (m):

1400 J = m * 4.18 J/g·°C * 55°C

To solve for m, divide both sides of the equation by (4.18 J/g·°C * 55°C):

m = 1400 J / (4.18 J/g·°C * 55°C)

Calculating this gives us:

m ≈ 5.4 grams

Therefore, there are approximately 5.4 grams of water present in the sample.