What is the effect as the epiglottis covers the larynx?
When the epiglottis covers the larynx, it has a significant effect on our ability to swallow. The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue, and its primary function is to prevent food and drink from entering the trachea (windpipe) and instead direct them to the esophagus for digestion.
To understand how this process works, the following explanation can help:
1. Breathing: In the resting state, when we are not eating or drinking, the epiglottis is positioned in an upright position, leaving the larynx open to allow air to freely flow in and out of the trachea. This allows us to breathe easily without obstruction.
2. Swallowing: When we start to swallow, a complex series of muscular contractions and coordination begins. As the food or liquid enters the oral cavity, the tongue pushes it toward the back of the mouth.
3. Epiglottic Movement: As the bolus (mass of food or drink) reaches the base of the tongue, the epiglottis moves downward, closing over the larynx. This prevents the bolus from entering the trachea and redirects it toward the esophagus, which leads to the stomach.
4. Protection: By covering the larynx, the epiglottis acts as a gatekeeper, ensuring that food and liquid go down the digestive tract instead of entering the respiratory system. This protection mechanism helps prevent choking and aspiration, where substances end up in the lungs instead of going to the stomach.
In summary, the effect of the epiglottis covering the larynx is to protect the airway during swallowing, diverting food and liquids to the esophagus and preventing them from entering the trachea.