Is there any periodicity in the maximumm oxidation number for elements 11 through 17? If so, explain your answer.
Yes. At least one of the oxidation ststes will be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 respectively from left to right.
To determine if there is any periodicity in the maximum oxidation number for elements 11 through 17, we need to examine the pattern of oxidation numbers within this range on the periodic table.
The maximum oxidation number of an element is the highest charge that an atom of that element can attain when it loses or gains electrons in a chemical reaction. As we move across a period (horizontal row) on the periodic table, the maximum oxidation number generally increases.
Elements 11 through 17 correspond to the following elements: sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl).
To determine their maximum oxidation numbers, we can consider their positions on the periodic table and analyze the electron configurations.
Starting with sodium (Na), which is in the 3rd period, we find that its maximum oxidation number is +1. This is because sodium has one valence electron in its outermost shell, and to achieve a stable electron configuration, it tends to lose this electron.
Moving to magnesium (Mg), which is in the same period as sodium, the trend continues, and its maximum oxidation number is +2. This is because magnesium has two valence electrons, and it tends to lose both of them to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Next, we have aluminum (Al), which is in the 3rd period as well. Aluminum's maximum oxidation number is +3. This is because aluminum has three valence electrons and tends to lose all three.
As we move to silicon (Si) in the 3rd period, the trend changes. Silicon tends to gain four electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Therefore, its maximum oxidation number is -4.
Moving to phosphorus (P) in the 3rd period, we find that its maximum oxidation number is +5. Phosphorus has five valence electrons and can lose all five to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Next, we have sulfur (S) in the 3rd period. Sulfur tends to gain two electrons to achieve a stable configuration, so its maximum oxidation number is -2.
Finally, we come to chlorine (Cl), also in the 3rd period. Chlorine has seven valence electrons and tends to gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. Therefore, its maximum oxidation number is -1.
Now, let's analyze the periodicity:
Within elements 11 through 17 (sodium to chlorine), we can observe a periodic pattern. The maximum oxidation number starts with +1 for sodium, increases to +2 for magnesium, and reaches +3 for aluminum. Then, it changes direction and becomes negative for silicon (-4), phosphorus (+5), sulfur (-2), and chlorine (-1).
So, there is a periodicity in the maximum oxidation number for elements 11 through 17. The pattern alternates between positive and negative values as we move across the period in the 3rd period of the periodic table.