A solution is prepared by adding 50ml of .05 M HCl to 150 ml of .10 M HNO3. Calculate the concentrations of all species in this solution.
.0125M HCl
.075M HNO3
.0875M H+
800
To calculate the concentrations of all species in the solution, we need to apply the principles of stoichiometry and use the concept of molarity.
Let's start by writing the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and HNO3:
HCl + HNO3 -> H2O + ClNO3
Based on the equation, we can determine that H2O and ClNO3 are the products formed when HCl and HNO3 react.
Next, let's calculate the moles of HCl and HNO3 in the solution using the formula:
Moles = Concentration (M) x Volume (L)
For HCl:
Concentration of HCl = 0.05 M
Volume of HCl = 0.050 L (50 mL converted to liters)
Moles of HCl = 0.05 M x 0.050 L = 0.0025 moles
For HNO3:
Concentration of HNO3 = 0.10 M
Volume of HNO3 = 0.150 L (150 mL converted to liters)
Moles of HNO3 = 0.10 M x 0.150 L = 0.015 moles
Now, let's find the limiting reagent. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed in the reaction and determines the amount of product formed. In this case, the limiting reagent will be HCl since its moles are smaller.
Since 1 mole of HCl reacts with an equal amount of moles of ClNO3, we can say that the moles of ClNO3 formed will also be 0.0025 moles.
Finally, let's calculate the concentration of each species in the solution.
HCl:
We started with 0.050 L of HCl, so the concentration of HCl can be calculated as:
Concentration of HCl = Moles of HCl / Volume of HCl
= 0.0025 moles / 0.050 L
= 0.050 M
HNO3:
We started with 0.150 L of HNO3, so the concentration of HNO3 can be calculated as:
Concentration of HNO3 = Moles of HNO3 / Volume of HNO3
= 0.015 moles / 0.150 L
= 0.100 M
ClNO3:
To find the concentration of ClNO3, we note that 1 mole of ClNO3 is formed for every 1 mole of HCl reacted, so the concentration of ClNO3 will be the same as the concentration of HCl:
Concentration of ClNO3 = 0.050 M
In summary:
The concentration of HCl in the solution is 0.050 M,
The concentration of HNO3 in the solution is 0.100 M,
The concentration of ClNO3 in the solution is 0.050 M.