How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 217 g of solid mercury at its freezing point to mercury vapor at its boiling point.
To determine the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of solid mercury at its freezing point to mercury vapor at its boiling point, you need to calculate the energy for each phase change and the energy required for temperature change.
Let's break down the calculation step-by-step:
1. Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of solid mercury from its freezing point to its boiling point.
- The specific heat capacity of solid mercury is 0.14 J/g°C.
- The freezing point of mercury is -38.83°C.
- The boiling point of mercury is 356.7°C.
- The temperature change is (356.7°C - (-38.83°C)) = 395.53°C.
Energy for temperature change = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change
= 217 g * 0.14 J/g°C * 395.53°C
2. Calculate the energy required for the phase change from solid to liquid.
- The molar enthalpy of fusion (ΔHfus) of mercury is 2.29 kJ/mol.
- The molar mass of mercury is 200.59 g/mol.
Energy for phase change (solid to liquid) = mass / molar mass * ΔHfus
= (217 g / 200.59 g/mol) * 2.29 kJ/mol
3. Calculate the energy required for the phase change from liquid to vapor.
- The molar enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap) of mercury is 59.11 kJ/mol.
Energy for phase change (liquid to vapor) = mass / molar mass * ΔHvap
= (217 g / 200.59 g/mol) * 59.11 kJ/mol
Finally, sum up the energies calculated in steps 1, 2, and 3 to get the total energy required.
Total energy = Energy for temperature change + Energy for phase change (solid to liquid) + Energy for phase change (liquid to vapor)
By plugging in the values and performing the calculations, you can determine how much energy is required to raise the temperature of 217 g of solid mercury at its freezing point to mercury vapor at its boiling point.