definition of cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). In cells without a nucleus (prokaryotic), the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission
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The cell cycle refers to the series of events that occur in a cell leading to its division and duplication into two daughter cells. It is a fundamental process in all living organisms and is vital for growth, development, and repair of tissues.
To understand the definition of the cell cycle, you can break it down into its two major phases: interphase and mitosis.
1. Interphase: This is the longest phase of the cell cycle and can be further divided into three stages:
a) G1 phase (Gap 1): During this phase, the cell grows in size, performs its normal functions, and prepares for DNA replication.
b) S phase (Synthesis): In this phase, DNA replication takes place, where the cell duplicates its genetic material to prepare for cell division.
c) G2 phase (Gap 2): After DNA replication, the cell continues to grow, synthesizes proteins, and prepares for cell division.
2. Mitosis: This phase involves the division of the cell's nucleus and is divided into four stages:
a) Prophase: The chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, and the spindle apparatus forms.
b) Metaphase: The chromosomes align themselves along the equator of the cell (known as the metaphase plate).
c) Anaphase: The sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
d) Telophase: Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes, the chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin, and the spindle apparatus disintegrates.
After mitosis, the cell undergoes cytokinesis, where the cell membrane pinches inward, dividing the cytoplasm and ultimately resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.
Understanding the cell cycle is crucial in various fields of study, such as cancer research, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. It helps scientists comprehend how cells grow, divide, and differentiate, and how abnormalities in the cell cycle can lead to diseases like cancer.