Joe baked a cake for his mother's birthday. When he removed the cake from the oven, Joe noticed that the cake had not risen. Joe guessed that the baking powder he had used was too old. He designed the following experiment to test his idea.
Joe prepared two cakes ¡V one using the same ingredients as his first cake and one using fresh baking powder. After preheating oven to 350„aF, he placed both cakes in the oven for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, he removed both cakes and noticed that neither one had risen. He decided that the baking powder wasn¡¦t the cause of his problem.
What was the independent variable in Joe¡¦s experiment?
What was the dependent variable in Joe¡¦s experiement?
What was the control in Joe¡¦s experiment?
What were the constants in Joe¡¦s experiment (assuming he did it correctly)?
To determine the independent variable in Joe’s experiment, we need to identify the factor that Joe intentionally manipulated or changed during the experiment. In this case, Joe prepared two cakes - one using old baking powder and another using fresh baking powder. So, the independent variable in Joe’s experiment is the freshness of the baking powder (old baking powder versus fresh baking powder).
To identify the dependent variable, we need to look at the outcome or the result that Joe observed or measured in his experiment. In this case, Joe observed that neither cake had risen after being baked. Therefore, the dependent variable in Joe’s experiment is the rising of the cakes.
The control in Joe’s experiment is the standard against which he can compare the results of his experiment. In this case, the control is the cake prepared using the same ingredients as the first cake, which includes the old baking powder. This acts as a reference point to see if using fresh baking powder leads to a different outcome.
The constants in Joe’s experiment are the factors that remain the same throughout the experiment to ensure a fair comparison. Assuming Joe prepared and baked the two cakes correctly, the constants would include the oven temperature (preheating to 350°F), the baking time (30 minutes), and any other variables like the size of the cake pans or mixing methods that Joe kept consistent between the two cakes.
The independent variable in Joe's experiment was the type of baking powder used (old baking powder vs fresh baking powder).
The dependent variable in Joe's experiment was whether or not the cakes rose.
The control in Joe's experiment was the cake made with old baking powder.
The constants in Joe's experiment (assuming he did it correctly) would be the oven temperature (350 degrees Fahrenheit), the baking time (30 minutes), and the ingredients used for both cakes (except for the baking powder).