How do you decide if csc=74 is greater than or less than cos=74 without using a calculator?

You probably meant csc74 and cos74 (now equal sign)

All values of the cosine and sine function are between
-1 and +1, that is, they are proper fractions

The reciprocal functions of both of these two are then either less than -1 or greater than +1, that is, they are improper fractions

cscØ = 1/sinØ are reciprocal function
cscØ ≥1 for 74°
cosØ ≤ 1 for 74°

clearly, csc74° > cos74°