What are the 3 primary subatomic particular? What is the charge on each? where in the atom is each particle located?

They are protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, stuck closely tohether. Electrons orbit outside the nucleus in a "cloud".

The charges of the three particles are:
proton: +e
neutron: 0
electron: -e

Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks, but infinite forces keep them from being broken up.