describe the path that oxygen follows through the human body to reach muscle tissue
and
describe the path carbon dioxide follows from inside the cell to the outside envrionment
How does oxygen reach the lungs, then the heart and arteries and finally the tissue?
Carbon dioxide to capillaries, veins, heart, lungs and out. Fill in the details.
To understand the path that oxygen follows through the human body to reach muscle tissue, we need to understand the process of respiration. Oxygen enters our body through inhalation and travels into the respiratory system. Here is a step-by-step description of how oxygen reaches the muscle tissue:
1. Inhalation: When we breathe in, oxygen-rich air enters our body through the nose or mouth. The air travels down the trachea and enters the lungs.
2. Alveoli: Inside the lungs, the air is directed into small sacs called alveoli. These sacs have thin walls composed of capillaries, small blood vessels.
3. Gas Exchange: Oxygen from the air in the alveoli diffuses through the thin walls and enters the capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product, moves from the capillaries into the alveoli.
4. Oxygen Transport: Once inside the capillaries, oxygen binds to hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. Hemoglobin carries oxygen throughout the body.
5. Circulatory System: Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and travels through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart. From there, it is pumped into the main artery of the body called the aorta.
6. Systemic Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood flows through a network of arteries and arterioles, gradually reaching smaller blood vessels called capillaries that are present near muscle tissue.
7. Oxygen Diffusion: In the capillaries near muscle tissue, oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the muscle cells. This provides the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration, where energy is generated.
To describe the path carbon dioxide follows from inside the cell to the outside environment, we need to understand the process of cellular respiration. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Cellular Respiration: Within cells, glucose molecules are broken down through a process called cellular respiration. This breakdown generates energy along with by-products such as carbon dioxide.
2. Diffusion into Capillaries: Carbon dioxide, produced as a waste product during cellular respiration, diffuses out of the cells into nearby capillaries.
3. Circulatory System: Carbon dioxide-rich blood flows through veins towards the heart, specifically the right atrium.
4. Pulmonary Circulation: The right atrium pumps the carbon dioxide-rich blood into the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
5. Alveolar Exchange: In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses across the walls of the alveoli and into the air within them.
6. Exhalation: Finally, during exhalation, the lungs expel the carbon dioxide-rich air back into the environment.
So, the primary pathway for carbon dioxide is from inside the cell to the capillaries, then through the circulatory system to the lungs, and ultimately expelled from the body through exhalation.