Suppose you are going to add 450 mL of a 0.10 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to 250 mL of a 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution.
a)Which one is the limiting reactant?
b)What is the theoretical yield of sodium chloride?
These react 1:1; i.e.,
NaOH + HCl ==> H2O + NaCl
So which has the fewer moles? moles = M x L = ?
Use that substance to determine how much NaCl is formed.
i don't understand
i would be great to show me the answer , but do it step by step so i understand better
Did you try it? I gave you the first step and you didn't show you did anything with it except to look at it and say "I don't understand."
moles NaOH = 0.2M x 0.250L = 0.050.
moles HCl = 0.1M x 0.450L = 0.045
.........NaOH + HCl ==> NaCl + H2O
initial..0.05...0.045....0.......0
So the 0.045 moles HCl will be used up completely leaving 0.050-0.045 NaOH = 0.005 moles NaOH remaining unreacted. moles NaCl formed = 0.045.
g NaOH = moles NaOH x molar mass NaOH.
And the limiting reagent is .....(the one that's completely used up).
To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant. The reactant that produces fewer moles of product is the limiting reactant.
a) First, let's calculate the number of moles for each reactant:
For hydrochloric acid (HCl):
Molarity (M) = 0.10 mol/L
Volume (V) = 450 mL = 0.45 L
Number of moles (n) = Molarity x Volume
n(HCl) = 0.10 mol/L x 0.45 L = 0.045 mol
For sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
Molarity (M) = 0.2 mol/L
Volume (V) = 250 mL = 0.25 L
Number of moles (n) = Molarity x Volume
n(NaOH) = 0.2 mol/L x 0.25 L = 0.05 mol
Comparing the moles of each reactant, we find that hydrochloric acid (HCl) has fewer moles (0.045 mol) compared to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.05 mol). Therefore, hydrochloric acid is the limiting reactant.
b) To find the theoretical yield of sodium chloride (NaCl), we need to determine the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. The balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide to produce 1 mole of sodium chloride.
Since hydrochloric acid is the limiting reactant, we know that all of the hydrochloric acid will react completely. Therefore, the theoretical yield of sodium chloride will be equal to the number of moles of hydrochloric acid.
The theoretical yield of sodium chloride (NaCl) is 0.045 mol.