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Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature in the Kelvin scale, at which point the particles of a substance have minimal thermal energy and exhibit the least amount of molecular motion. At this temperature, the substance essentially reaches a state of complete rest. It is often denoted as 0 Kelvin (0 K) or approximately -273.15 degrees Celsius (-459.67 degrees Fahrenheit).
To understand the concept of absolute zero, it is crucial to know that temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is relative to its surroundings. The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, meaning it starts from absolute zero as the reference point.
To understand how absolute zero is related to other temperature scales like Celsius or Fahrenheit, you need to know the conversion formulas. The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water, where 0 degrees Celsius is the freezing point of water and 100 degrees Celsius is the boiling point under normal atmospheric conditions. To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, you simply add 273.15.
Therefore, absolute zero in Celsius is -273.15 degrees Celsius. To convert to Fahrenheit, you can use the formula (°C × 9/5) + 32. Thus, absolute zero in Fahrenheit is approximately -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit.
In summary, absolute zero is the lowest attainable temperature, corresponding to 0 Kelvin, -273.15 degrees Celsius, or approximately -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It represents a state where molecular motion approaches complete cessation.