I have answered this as best as I can please can you check and help me with the ones I don't have a clue about? Thank you
Which of the moelcules listed below possesses a permanent dipole? Think about the shape of the molecule and look at the electronegatvity values...
a) CO2 - Yes (although I'm not sure)
b)CHCl3 - Yes
c)C6H12 - No
d)CH3OH - Yes
e)(CH3)2CO - Yes
f)Benzene - No
g) (Z) - 1,2 difluroethene - I have no idea, please help and explain also if you can find a diagram of the shape of the molecule it would be greatly appreciated!!!
h) (E) 1,2 difluorethene (same as above please!)
i) 1,2 dichlorobenzen - Yes but if it's wrong can you do the same as above please
j)1,4 dichlorobenzene - Yes but if it's wrong too can you again do the same as above please
Thank you!!!
CO2 is a linear molecule and although EACH O=C bond is a dipole, in the linear molecule they cancel each other because of the configuration. O=C=O
b-f inclusive are ok.
i. 1,2-dichlorobenzene is correct. I was able to find a link for that and the next one.
j. 1,4-cichlorobenzene is not a dipole and the same link will show that and why. http://g.web.umkc.edu/gounevt/Weblec211Silb/L36%2810.3-10.4%29.pdf
g) and h) Z-difluoroethene is the same as cis-difluoroethene. The Z stands for the German "zusammen" which means on the same side (same meaning as cis). I can't find a diagram on the web but the double bond means that the H-C=C-H with two Cl atoms on the same side (say at the top) are trigonal planar. With both Cl atoms on the same side it will be polar (dipole moment). With both Cl atms on the opposite side (E stands for the German "entgegen" and that means opposite (same as trans). The trans, having Cl atoms on opposite sides cancel any dipole moment and it is not a permanent dipole. IUPAC recommends naming everything with the E/Z system and not the cis/trans system.
Thank you so much! I really appreciate the help :)
Sure, let's go through each molecule and determine if it possesses a permanent dipole or not.
a) CO2 - Yes, CO2 has a linear shape and a difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen atoms. This creates a permanent dipole moment.
b) CHCl3 - Yes, CHCl3 has a tetrahedral shape and a difference in electronegativity between carbon and chlorine atoms. This creates a permanent dipole moment.
c) C6H12 - No, C6H12 (cyclohexane) has a symmetrical structure with all carbon-hydrogen bonds. There are no differences in electronegativity between the atoms, so there is no permanent dipole moment.
d) CH3OH - Yes, CH3OH (methanol) has a tetrahedral shape and a difference in electronegativity between carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. This creates a permanent dipole moment.
e) (CH3)2CO - Yes, (CH3)2CO (acetone) has a trigonal planar shape and a difference in electronegativity between carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. This creates a permanent dipole moment.
f) Benzene - No, benzene has a hexagonal planar structure with all carbon-carbon bonds. There are no differences in electronegativity between the atoms, so there is no permanent dipole moment.
g) (Z) - 1,2-difluoroethene - Yes, (Z) - 1,2-difluoroethene has a geometrically asymmetrical structure due to the presence of the double bond. The difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms creates a permanent dipole moment. Unfortunately, as a text-based AI, I cannot provide a diagram for you, but you can search for the structure online.
h) (E) - 1,2-difluoroethene - Same as (g) above, (E) - 1,2-difluoroethene also possesses a permanent dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms in the asymmetrical structure.
i) 1,2-dichlorobenzene - It is difficult to determine the exact shape and dipole moment without more information. However, if we assume that the chlorine atoms are in adjacent positions on the benzene ring, it is likely that 1,2-dichlorobenzene possesses a permanent dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between chlorine and carbon atoms. Again, I cannot provide a diagram, but you can search for it online for a more accurate visualization.
j) 1,4-dichlorobenzene - Similar to (i) above, without knowing the exact positions of the chlorine atoms on the benzene ring, it is difficult to determine the shape and dipole moment. However, if the chlorine atoms are positioned at the 1 and 4 positions, it is likely that 1,4-dichlorobenzene possesses a permanent dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between chlorine and carbon atoms. You can search online for a more accurate diagram.
Remember, it is always helpful to refer to the Lewis structures or structures with molecular models to determine the shape and dipole moment of the molecules.