(A) Classify the following as an example of nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio level of measurement, and state why it represents this level: zip codes for the state of Pennsylvania
(B) Determine if this data is qualitative or quantitative: Nationality
(C) In your own line of work, give one example of a discrete and one example of a continuous random variable, and describe why each is continuous or discrete.
A. http://www.members.cox.net/dagershaw/lol/TwoPlusTwo.html
B. Qualitative
C. How can I help you answer this if I don't know your line of work?
(A) The zip codes for the state of Pennsylvania can be classified as an example of nominal level of measurement. Nominal measurement involves labeling or categorizing data without any inherent order or numerical significance. In this case, the zip codes serve as labels to identify different geographic areas within Pennsylvania. They do not have a natural order or numerical meaning.
(B) Nationality is a qualitative data. Qualitative data refers to characteristics or attributes that cannot be measured numerically. In the case of nationality, it represents a person's country of origin or citizenship, which is typically not expressed in numerical values but rather as a categorical variable.
(C) In my own line of work, a discrete random variable could be the number of defects found in a manufacturing process. This variable is discrete because it can only take on specific whole numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, and so on) and not any other values in between. The number of defects cannot be, for example, 2.5.
On the other hand, a continuous random variable in my line of work could be the time it takes to complete a task. This variable is continuous because it can take on any value within a given range (e.g., 2.536 seconds, 5.789 seconds, etc.) and not just specific whole numbers. The time to complete a task can be measured with precision beyond whole numbers, making it a continuous random variable.