Suppose for the reaction of Cu(NO3)2 + NaOH, you have not added enough sodium hydroxide to precipitate all the copper as copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2.
a)How could you tell that not all the copper had precipitated?
b)what effect would this have on the final yield?
If Cu^2+ ion is still in solution, it will appear blue.
If all of the Cu^2+ is not pptd, the yield, and it should be obvious, will be low.
Some
There would be no change in the solution color
a.) The solution still has its charaterstic blue colour because of Cu+ ion in the solution.
b.) It will lower the final yield
a) To determine whether all the copper has precipitated as copper hydroxide, you can perform a simple observation. Copper hydroxide is a blue precipitate, so if you don't see any blue precipitate formed after adding sodium hydroxide to Cu(NO3)2, it indicates that not all the copper has precipitated.
b) If not all the copper has precipitated, it means that there is still some copper remaining in the solution as copper(II) ions (Cu²⁺). This will result in a lower yield of copper hydroxide. The final yield of the precipitate will be less than expected, and the solution will still contain unreacted copper ions.