. "I just can't make myself study ahead for a test. I work better under pressure. Perhaps it is the fear associated with waiting until the last minute that gets me going." This approach to motivation is best explained by: (Points: 5)

incentive approaches.
drive-reduction approaches.
arousal approaches.

The statement, "I work better under pressure. Perhaps it is the fear associated with waiting until the last minute that gets me going," suggests that the person is motivated by the fear and pressure of a deadline. This approach to motivation is best explained by arousal approaches. Arousal approaches suggest that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal or stimulation, and in this case, the fear and pressure associated with waiting until the last minute provides the necessary level of arousal for the person to motivate themselves to study.