2. Why did European economic practices and financial institutions (trading companies, banks, investments, creation of global markets) weaken Middle Eastern and Asian economies and upset local politics?
3. How did countries or empires in the Middle East and Asia attempt to modernize in order to resist Western encroachment? What did modernization mean or entail in these cases (nationalism, economic development, industrialization, military reform, secularization, etc.)?
4. What types of reactions did people living in the Middle East and Asia have to modernization? Were there strong oppositions in some cases? Did modernization unleash further—and unintended—movements for reform or
change in other cases?
5. Why was the rise of modern Turkey in the early 20th century the culmination of various attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire?
6. Why were Egypt’s efforts to promote Arab nationalism in the second half of the 20th century a result of Western interference in the region?
7. What is the connection between the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the presence of the West in the region, particularly its influence on the modernization of Middle Eastern states?
8. How are the history of independence in India and the creation of Pakistan related to the adoption and development in the region of Western-styled modern political ideas?
9. Why is the rise of Japanese imperialism in the first half of the 20th century a product of European presence in East Asia and of the pursuit of a certain model of modernization?
10. How does China’s desire to rid itself of foreign control and secure economic development explain the rise of communism in the early 20th century and the persistence of the communist regime?
To answer these questions, it is important to understand the historical context and the impact of European influence on the Middle East and Asia. Here is a general approach on how to find the information you need:
1. Start by researching the historical events and practices that contributed to the weakening of Middle Eastern and Asian economies by European economic practices and financial institutions. Look for information on the activities of European trading companies, the establishment of banks and investments, and the creation of global markets.
2. Look for case studies and examples of how Middle Eastern and Asian countries attempted to modernize in order to resist Western encroachment. Explore the different aspects of modernization, such as nationalism, economic development, industrialization, military reform, secularization, etc. Pay attention to specific measures taken by different countries or empires.
3. Investigate the reactions of people living in the Middle East and Asia to modernization. Look for evidence of strong opposition in some cases, as well as unintended movements for reform or change that were unleashed by modernization.
4. Analyze the historical events and factors that led to the rise of modern Turkey in the early 20th century. Look for attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire and how those attempts culminated in the rise of modern Turkey.
5. Research Egypt's efforts to promote Arab nationalism in the second half of the 20th century and how Western interference in the region influenced these efforts.
6. Look for the connection between the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the presence of the West in the region, particularly its influence on the modernization of Middle Eastern states. Examine the factors that led to the rise of the Islamic Revolution and the role of Western interference in shaping the conditions for its occurrence.
7. Find information on the history of independence in India and the creation of Pakistan, and explore how they are related to the adoption and development of Western-styled political ideas in the region.
8. Investigate the rise of Japanese imperialism in the first half of the 20th century and how it was influenced by European presence in East Asia and the pursuit of a certain model of modernization.
9. Analyze how China's desire to rid itself of foreign control and secure economic development explains the rise of communism in the early 20th century and the persistence of the communist regime. Look for information on the historical events and factors that led to the rise of communism in China.
Remember to consult a variety of sources, such as books, academic articles, and reputable websites, to build a comprehensive understanding of the topics.