describe the essential features of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in order to cleraly distinguish the two organizational types.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschaft_and_Gesellschaft
So,
Gemeinschaft is the community
Gesellschaft is the society
So they are basically telling the difference between 2 types of social groups their sociological categories
I searched Google under the key words "gemienschaft gesellschaft" to get these possible sources:
http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=gemienschaft+gessellschaft&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8#hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&nfpr=1&sa=X&ei=ivjiTc7NIIHcgQfD3OGdBg&ved=0CBUQBSgA&q=gemeinschaft+gesellschaft&spell=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=9b40c92e3693f9d6&biw=956&bih=901
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/.
To clearly distinguish between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, it's important to understand their essential features. German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies introduced these concepts to describe two types of social organizations, highlighting the fundamental differences between them.
1. Gemeinschaft:
- Social Bonds: Gemeinschaft refers to a traditional, close-knit community where social interactions are primarily based on personal relationships, kinship, and a sense of belonging.
- Shared Values: Members of Gemeinschaft share common values, norms, and beliefs, which play a significant role in shaping their behavior and decision-making processes.
- Emotional Connections: Relationships in Gemeinschaft are characterized by emotional closeness, empathy, and a sense of reciprocity. These connections often extend beyond immediate family ties to include the entire community.
- Organic Solidarity: The community operates on the principle of organic solidarity, where individuals contribute to the collective well-being, and cooperation and interdependence are highly valued.
2. Gesellschaft:
- Impersonal Relationships: Unlike Gemeinschaft, Gesellschaft signifies a modern, more impersonal form of social organization, where interactions are primarily based on self-interest, role expectations, and contractual obligations.
- Individual Autonomy: In Gesellschaft, individuals have a high degree of individual autonomy and often pursue their own goals, rather than being bound by communal obligations.
- Rationality: Decision-making in Gesellschaft is driven by rational reasoning, calculation, and efficiency. Rationality often takes precedence over emotional or moral considerations.
- Mechanistic Solidarity: Gesellschaft is characterized by mechanical solidarity, where individuals are united by their interdependence within a complex division of labor, rather than shared values or emotional connections.
To distinguish between these two types of social organizations, pay attention to the nature of social bonds, shared values, emotional connections, and the type of solidarity that exists within the communities or groups being studied.