how do legalism and daoism differ/
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To understand the differences between Legalism and Daoism, it is essential to examine their key principles, beliefs, and approach to governance. Here is an explanation of how you can differentiate between the two:
1. Origins:
Legalism, also known as Fa-Jia, was developed during the Warring States period in ancient China (around 475-221 BCE) by philosophers such as Han Fei and Li Si. On the other hand, Daoism, also known as Taoism, originated from the teachings of Laozi (also known as Lao Tzu) in the 6th century BCE.
2. Human Nature:
Legalism portrays human nature as inherently selfish and prone to corruption. It asserts that strict laws and harsh punishment are necessary to maintain order and control society. In contrast, Daoism views human nature as inherently good, believing that individuals should follow their natural inclinations and live in harmony with the Dao (the "Way"), which is the fundamental force that governs everything.
3. Role of Government:
Legalism emphasizes strong central governance and advocates for an autocratic ruler with absolute power. It promotes the use of strict laws, clear rewards, and severe punishments to control and manipulate the behavior of the people. Legalist thinkers believed that only a powerful ruler could effectively govern and maintain social order.
On the contrary, Daoism critiques the intervention of government in natural processes and encourages a more passive approach to governance. Daoists believe in wu wei, which means "non-action" or "effortless action." They propose that a ruler should follow the natural course of events, avoid unnecessary control, and minimize interference in the lives of the people.
4. Attitude towards Confucianism:
Legalism and Confucianism were often intertwined and influenced each other. Legalism emphasized strict laws to ensure social order, while Confucianism emphasized moral virtue and social harmony. Daoism, however, had a more contrasting outlook. Daoists believed that Confucian moral values and societal rituals were unnecessary and often obstructive to one's natural state of being. They preferred a spontaneous and simple way of life in harmony with nature.
In summary, Legalism focused on strict laws, centralized power, and harsh punishment, viewing human nature as selfish. Daoism, on the other hand, emphasized living in harmony with the Dao, valuing naturalness, spontaneity, and minimal government intervention, with a belief in the innate goodness of human nature.