What is meant by "high quality" and "low quality" litter? What impact does litter quality have on decomposition rates?

"High quality" litter refers to organic materials that are nutrient-rich, easily decomposable, and contain a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Examples include fresh leaves, grass clippings, and kitchen scraps. On the other hand, "low quality" litter, also known as refractory litter, contains materials that are tougher, less nutritious, and have a lower carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Examples include woody materials, like branches and twigs.

The quality of litter directly influences the rate of decomposition. High-quality litter decomposes more quickly because it provides an ideal environment for decomposers, such as bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates. These organisms break down the litter, releasing nutrients back into the soil. The high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in high-quality litter helps maintain balanced nutrient levels, which supports faster decomposition.

In contrast, low-quality litter decomposes more slowly. This is because the tough, woody materials are harder for decomposers to break down. Additionally, the lower carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in low-quality litter means that nutrient availability may be limited, further slowing the decomposition process.

It's also important to note that the composition of litter in an ecosystem can vary depending on the dominant plant species and environmental conditions. This variability can affect the overall decomposition rates and nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.