In an experiment to determine the rate at which heat is extracted from a hot material, material at 90 °C is put into a copper vessel. The hot material and calorimeter are placed in a container holding cold water at 22.7 °C. The temperature of the water is then measured every 30 seconds for 3 minutes.
To determine the rate at which heat is extracted from a hot material, we need to analyze the temperature change of the water surrounding the material over time.
Here's how you can calculate the rate of heat extraction:
1. Start by recording the initial temperature of the hot material (90 °C) and the initial temperature of the cold water (22.7 °C).
2. Measure the temperature of the water every 30 seconds for 3 minutes. Take note of the time and temperature readings.
3. Plot a graph of time (x-axis) versus temperature of the water (y-axis). This will give you a visual representation of how the temperature of the water changes over time.
4. Calculate the temperature difference (∆T) between the initial temperature of the water and the temperature at each time interval. This is done by subtracting the initial temperature (22.7 °C) from the temperature at each time interval.
5. To determine the rate at which heat is extracted, you can use the formula:
rate of heat extraction (Q/t) = (m * c * ∆T) / t
where:
- m is the mass of the water in the container (you will need to know this value),
- c is the specific heat capacity of water (typically 4.186 J/g°C),
- ∆T is the temperature difference, and
- t is the time interval in seconds.
6. Substitute the known values into the formula and calculate the rate of heat extraction. Ensure that the units are consistent throughout the calculation.
By following these steps and performing the necessary calculations, you can determine the rate at which heat is extracted from the hot material in the copper vessel.