A 1.00L sample of seawater contains 19.4g of chloride ions, 10.8 g of sodium ions, and 1.29 g of magnesium ions. How many more moles of chloride ions would be needed to make neutral salts of all the cations in solution?
Convert 19.4 g Cl^- to moles. moles = grams/atomic mass.
Convert 10.8 g Na ions to moles.
Convert 1.20 Mg ions to moles.
Add the + ions and the - ions to make them zero. Don't forget that Mg is a +2 charge and the others are +1.
To determine how many more moles of chloride ions would be needed, we first need to calculate the moles of each ion present in the solution.
To calculate the moles of chloride ions, we use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
The molar mass of chloride ions (Cl⁻) is approximately 35.45 g/mol.
For the given information, the mass of chloride ions present in the solution is 19.4 g. Therefore,
moles of chloride ions = 19.4 g / 35.45 g/mol
Now, let's calculate the moles of sodium ions (Na⁺) and magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) present in the solution.
The molar mass of sodium ions (Na⁺) is approximately 22.99 g/mol. The mass of sodium ions present in the solution is 10.8 g. Therefore,
moles of sodium ions = 10.8 g / 22.99 g/mol
The molar mass of magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) is approximately 24.31 g/mol. The mass of magnesium ions present in the solution is 1.29 g. Therefore,
moles of magnesium ions = 1.29 g / 24.31 g/mol
Now that we have calculated the moles of chloride ions, sodium ions, and magnesium ions, we can determine how many more moles of chloride ions would be needed to make neutral salts of all the cations in solution.
Since we want to make neutral salts, the total positive charge of all cations should equal the total negative charge of all anions.
In this case, the cations are sodium ions (Na⁺) and magnesium ions (Mg²⁺), and the anion is chloride ions (Cl⁻).
The total positive charge = moles of sodium ions + moles of magnesium ions
The total negative charge = moles of chloride ions
To balance the charges, the number of moles of chloride ions should equal the sum of moles of sodium ions and moles of magnesium ions.
Therefore, the additional moles of chloride ions needed = (moles of sodium ions + moles of magnesium ions) - moles of chloride ions.
Once you have calculated the moles of each ion, subtract the moles of chloride ions from the sum of sodium and magnesium ions to find the additional moles of chloride ions needed to make neutral salts.