Indicated whether the calculated molarity of NaOH would be lower or higher Than the real value; or unaffected?

a) the water of the NaOH solution is not boiled and cooler before the solution is prepared
b) The buret, wet with water, is not rinsed with NaOH solution before filling

To determine whether the calculated molarity of NaOH would be lower, higher, or unaffected in the given scenarios, we need to understand the impact of each scenario on the experimental procedure.

a) If the water of the NaOH solution is not boiled and cooled before preparing the solution:
When preparing a NaOH solution, it is important to use distilled water to ensure accuracy. If the water used contains impurities, it may affect the accuracy of the molarity calculation. Boiling the water helps remove some impurities, and cooling it ensures it reaches room temperature. If the water is not boiled and cooled, impurities may contribute to a slight decrease in the calculated molarity. Therefore, on some level, the calculated molarity of NaOH would be lower than the real value.

b) If the buret, wet with water, is not rinsed with NaOH solution before filling:
When using a buret to measure NaOH solution, it is crucial to ensure that it is properly rinsed with the solution to be used. This step helps eliminate any remaining water droplets that could affect the concentration or volume of the NaOH being dispensed. Failure to rinse the buret may result in a diluted solution or inaccurate volume, which would affect the calculated molarity. Therefore, if the buret is not rinsed with NaOH solution, the calculated molarity of NaOH would be higher than the real value.

In conclusion:
a) The calculated molarity would be lower than the real value.
b) The calculated molarity would be higher than the real value.

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