1.when the concentraion of acetone was doubled, the time was about _____ the original time and the rate was about _______ the original rate.
2.when the concentraion of H+ was doubled, the time was about _____ the original time and the rate was about _______ the original rate.
3.when the concentraion of (I2)(iodine) was doubled, the time was about _____ the original time and the rate was about _______ the original rate.
To answer these questions, we need to understand how the concentration of a reactant affects the rate of a chemical reaction. The rate of a reaction is determined by its rate law, which relates the rate of the reaction to the concentrations of the reactants.
The rate law can be expressed in the general form:
Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n
Here, [A] and [B] represent the concentrations of reactants A and B, respectively, and k is the rate constant. The exponents m and n indicate the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant.
1. When the concentration of acetone is doubled:
Let's assume the rate law for this reaction is: Rate = k[acetone]^x
If the concentration of acetone is doubled, we can write the new rate law as: Rate' = k'(2[acetone])^x
The factors of 2 cancel out: Rate' = k'[acetone]^x
Since the concentrations of acetone are the same, the rate is the same. The time taken for the reaction is also the same as the original time.
2. When the concentration of H+ is doubled:
Similarly, let's assume the rate law for this reaction is: Rate = k[H+]^y
If the concentration of H+ is doubled, we can write the new rate law as: Rate' = k'(2[H+])^y
The factors of 2 cancel out: Rate' = k'[H+]^y
Since the concentrations of H+ are the same, the rate is the same. The time taken for the reaction is also the same as the original time.
3. When the concentration of (I2) (iodine) is doubled:
Let's assume the rate law for this reaction is: Rate = k[(I2)]^z
If the concentration of iodine is doubled, we can write the new rate law as: Rate' = k'(2[(I2)])^z
The factors of 2 cancel out: Rate' = k'[(I2)]^z
Since the concentrations of iodine are the same, the rate is the same. The time taken for the reaction is also the same as the original time.
In summary, when the concentration of a reactant is doubled, if the rate law does not include that reactant, the rate of the reaction and the time taken for the reaction will remain the same.