List the charge, mass, and location of each of the three subatomic particles found within atoms
The three subatomic particles found within atoms are:
1. Proton:
- Charge: Positive (+1)
- Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
- Location: Located within the nucleus of an atom
2. Neutron:
- Charge: Neutral (0)
- Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
- Location: Also found within the nucleus of an atom
3. Electron:
- Charge: Negative (-1)
- Mass: Approximately 1/1836 amu (much lighter than protons and neutrons)
- Location: Electron orbits, or shells, around the nucleus of an atom
To obtain this information, we rely on experimental data and scientific theories. Scientists have conducted various experiments, such as the Thomson cathode ray tube experiment and the Rutherford gold foil experiment, to determine the characteristics of these particles.
The charge of the particles was initially determined by observing their behavior in electromagnetic fields. The mass of the particles was measured using techniques such as mass spectrometry and the application of Newton's second law of motion.
The locations of these particles were determined through experiments that studied the behavior of electrically charged objects. For example, J.J. Thomson's experiment with cathode rays showed that electrons were negatively charged particles that could be deflected by magnetic fields.