which of newton's laws (1, 2, or 3)are used in the following:
1) spaceship reaches the speed for orbit around the earth,
2) pushing the shuttle forward in space
3) the force needed to escape earth's atmosphere
1) F = m a #2
G m Me/r^2 = m v^2/r specifically
2) conservation of momentum #1
specifically:
mass remaining on craft * speed of craft + mass of exhaust * speed of exhaust (which is negative) = original mass of craft* original speed of craft
BUT
You can also say action = reaction
force of exhaust on rocket = force of rocket on exhaust - #3
3) well the important thing is law of gravity, but at every altitude F = m a
To determine which of Newton's laws are relevant to each of these scenarios, we need to understand the laws themselves and their application:
1) When a spaceship reaches the speed for orbit around the Earth:
This scenario involves the use of Newton's first law, also known as the law of inertia. This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. In this case, the spaceship is initially at rest, but once it propels itself to reach the required speed for orbit, it continues to move at a constant velocity in a circular path around the Earth due to the absence of any significant external forces.
2) Pushing the shuttle forward in space:
In this scenario, Newton's second law, also referred to as the law of acceleration, is applied. This law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. In simpler terms, it explains how an object's motion changes when it experiences a force. When pushing the shuttle forward in space, a force is applied. According to Newton's second law, the magnitude of the applied force determines the acceleration of the shuttle, whereas the mass of the shuttle affects how easily it accelerates.
3) The force needed to escape Earth's atmosphere:
The third scenario involves Newton's third law, also known as the law of action and reaction. This foundational principle states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Thus, when applying a force to escape Earth's atmosphere, the Earth exerts an equal and opposite force on the object trying to escape. The force needed to overcome the gravitational pull of Earth is a reaction to the action of applying force in the opposite direction.
In summary:
1) Newton's first law is used when the spaceship reaches the speed for orbit around the Earth.
2) Newton's second law is used when pushing the shuttle forward in space.
3) Newton's third law is involved in calculating the force needed to escape Earth's atmosphere.