For following problems 1 to 5, classify the bonds as:
a) non-polar covalent
b) polar covalent
c) ionic
d) metallic
e) super covalent
1.) O-Cl
2.) Li-Br
3.) N-N
4.) N-H
5.) C-S
To classify the bonds as non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, metallic, or super covalent, we need to understand the difference between these bond types.
1.) Non-polar covalent bonds occur when two atoms have similar electronegativities and share electrons equally. This means there is no significant charge separation across the bond.
2.) Polar covalent bonds happen when two atoms have different electronegativities, resulting in an unequal sharing of electrons. This creates a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.
3.) Ionic bonds occur between atoms with a large difference in electronegativity. In this case, one atom fully transfers electrons to the other, resulting in a complete transfer of charge and the formation of positive and negative ions.
4.) Metallic bonds occur in metals, where the valence electrons are delocalized and form a "sea" of electrons surrounding the positively charged metal ions.
5.) Super covalent bonds (also known as coordinate covalent bonds) occur when one atom donates both electrons for bonding, while the other atom does not contribute any electrons.
Now, let's classify the bonds based on these definitions:
1.) O-Cl: Oxygen (O) has a higher electronegativity than chlorine (Cl), so this bond is polar covalent.
2.) Li-Br: Lithium (Li) has a significantly lower electronegativity compared to bromine (Br), leading to an ionic bond formation.
3.) N-N: Both nitrogen (N) atoms have similar electronegativities, resulting in a non-polar covalent bond.
4.) N-H: Nitrogen (N) has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen (H), creating a polar covalent bond.
5.) C-S: Carbon (C) and sulfur (S) have similar electronegativities, indicating a non-polar covalent bond.
In summary, the classifications are as follows:
1.) O-Cl: Polar covalent
2.) Li-Br: Ionic
3.) N-N: Non-polar covalent
4.) N-H: Polar covalent
5.) C-S: Non-polar covalent