Give an example of a tandem cluster and describe which protein it will produce.
To give an example of a tandem cluster, let's consider the Hox gene cluster in humans. The Hox gene cluster consists of several Hox genes arranged in a linear tandem repeat.
The Hox genes are essential for the proper development and patterning of the body plan in animals. They encode transcription factors that control the expression of other genes during embryonic development. In humans, the Hox gene cluster is located on chromosome 7 and contains 39 genes.
Each gene within the Hox cluster produces a specific protein that plays a crucial role in determining the identity and positioning of various body structures, such as organs, limbs, and the vertebral column along the anterior-posterior axis.
For example, one of the genes in the Hox cluster called HOXD13 produces a protein called homeobox D13. This protein is involved in the development of fingers and toes, ensuring their proper formation and differentiation.
So, a tandem cluster like the Hox gene cluster produces different proteins, including homeobox proteins, which are central to controlling the body plan and development of various structures in animals.