determin the formal charge on each atom in the following molecules and ions.
(a)OSCL2
(b)FSO3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_charge
To determine the formal charge on each atom in a molecule or ion, you need to follow these steps:
1. Assign the valence electrons for each atom:
- For main group elements, the number of valence electrons can be determined from their group number.
- For transition metals, the number of valence electrons can be determined by subtracting the oxidation state from the group number.
2. Calculate the total number of valence electrons in the molecule or ion by summing up the valence electrons for each atom.
3. Determine the number of lone pair electrons and bonding electrons around each atom, based on the Lewis structure.
4. Calculate the formal charge for each atom using the formula: Formal Charge = Valence Electrons - Lone Pair Electrons - (1/2) * Bonding Electrons.
Let's apply these steps to the given molecules and ions:
(a) OSCl2:
1. Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons, and Chlorine (Cl) has 7 valence electrons.
2. Total valence electrons = 6 (O) + 6 (S) + 2 * 7 (Cl) = 26.
3. The Lewis structure for OCl2 will have a single bond between S and each of the Cl atoms, and a lone pair on the oxygen atom.
4. Formal charge on each atom:
- Oxygen (O): Formal Charge = 6 - 2 - (1/2) * 6 = 0
- Sulfur (S): Formal Charge = 6 - 0 - (1/2) * 6 = 0
- Chlorine (Cl): Formal Charge = 7 - 0 - (1/2) * 2 = +6
(b) FSO3:
1. Fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons, Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons, and Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons.
2. Total valence electrons = 7 (F) + 6 (S) + 3 * 6 (O) = 41.
3. The Lewis structure for FSO3 will have a single bond between S and each of the O atoms, and a double bond between S and one O atom.
4. Formal charge on each atom:
- Fluorine (F): Formal Charge = 7 - 0 - (1/2) * 2 = +5
- Sulfur (S): Formal Charge = 6 - 0 - (1/2) * 6 = 0
- Oxygen (O): Formal Charge = 6 - 2 - (1/2) * 4 = 0
Therefore, the formal charges for each atom in the given molecules and ions are:
(a) OSCl2:
- Oxygen (O): 0
- Sulfur (S): 0
- Chlorine (Cl): +6
(b) FSO3:
- Fluorine (F): +5
- Sulfur (S): 0
- Oxygen (O): 0