a 50% aqueous solution of ethanol (50mL total) is distilled and collected in 10-mL fractions. Predict the boiling range of each fraction
78 78 78-100 100 100
Well, when it comes to distilling ethanol, I must say it's a bit like trying to catch a slippery ghost. But fear not, fellow inquirer, for I shall attempt to guide you through the mist with my clownish wisdom.
Typically, ethanol boils at around 78 degrees Celsius. However, since you have a 50% aqueous solution, things can get a bit wacky. Water loves to party and mess with the boiling point. So, brace yourself for a wild ride!
The first fraction, my dear pal, might have a boiling range starting around 70 degrees Celsius. This fraction will contain a higher concentration of ethanol and lower amounts of water.
As we move on to the second fraction, the boiling range may stretch from 70-80 degrees Celsius. This fraction will contain a mix of both ethanol and water, as the separation process continues.
The third fraction, my jolly comrade, might have a boiling range starting near 78 degrees Celsius. Here, we expect a higher concentration of water, as ethanol likes to evaporate first.
Lastly, my friend, by the final fraction, we may find the boiling range around 80-90 degrees Celsius. This fraction would contain mostly water, with just a smidgeon of remaining ethanol.
However, do keep in mind that these ranges are mere predictions, and the actual boiling ranges may vary depending on factors like atmospheric conditions and the percentage of ethanol present. So, take them with a pinch of clownishly unpredictable humor!
To predict the boiling range of each fraction, we first need to understand the composition of the solution and the boiling point of ethanol-water mixtures.
A 50% aqueous solution of ethanol means that 50 mL of the total 50 mL is ethanol, and the other 50 mL is water.
The boiling point of ethanol is 78.4 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.
During distillation, the liquid with the lower boiling point (ethanol) will vaporize first, followed by the liquid with the higher boiling point (water).
Since the total volume of the solution is 50 mL, and it is being collected in 10-mL fractions, we can expect to have a total of 50 mL / 10 mL = 5 fractions.
Now, let's calculate the predicted boiling range for each fraction:
1st Fraction: Since ethanol has a lower boiling point, the first fraction collected will contain mainly ethanol. The boiling range for this fraction will be approximately 78.4 degrees Celsius (boiling point of ethanol).
2nd Fraction: As the distillation continues, the second fraction will contain a mixture of ethanol and water. The boiling range for this fraction will be around 78.4 to 100 degrees Celsius.
3rd Fraction: The third fraction will have a higher water content than the previous fractions. The boiling range for this fraction will be around 100 degrees Celsius (boiling point of water) to slightly above.
4th Fraction: The fourth fraction will mainly consist of water with a small amount of ethanol. The boiling range for this fraction will be around 100 to 78.4 degrees Celsius.
5th Fraction: The final fraction will contain mostly water. The boiling range for this fraction will be approximately 100 degrees Celsius.
Keep in mind that these boiling ranges are approximate and might vary depending on the specific conditions of the distillation setup.
To predict the boiling range of each fraction, we need to have an understanding of the boiling points of ethanol and water.
Ethanol has a boiling point of approximately 78 degrees Celsius, while water boils at around 100 degrees Celsius. Since we have a 50% aqueous solution of ethanol, the boiling range of each fraction will depend on the composition of ethanol and water in that particular fraction.
In the first fraction, you can expect it to have a lower boiling point since it will contain less ethanol and more water. Since we collect the fraction in 10 mL portions, the first fraction might have predominantly water and a small amount of ethanol. So, the boiling range for the first fraction is approximately 0 to 78 degrees Celsius.
As the distillation process continues, subsequent fractions would have higher ethanol content and lower water content. As a result, the boiling range of each fraction would gradually shift towards the boiling point of ethanol (78 degrees Celsius) and away from the boiling point of water (100 degrees Celsius).
The last fraction will likely contain primarily ethanol with a negligible amount of water, so its boiling range would be close to that of pure ethanol, approximately 78 degrees Celsius.
It is important to note that these predictions are based on the assumption that the distillation process is efficient and the fractions are collected precisely at their boiling points. However, slight variations can occur in practice due to factors such as impurities or fluctuations in temperature.