discuss in details the truman doctrine, the berlin airlift, and the marshall plan confrontation between US and Soviet union during coldwar. what evetns began each crisis. How did the other side react and what were the outcomes of each?
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i have to write on it how these three confrontation causes of cold war
These sites have a lot of information.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1780.html
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAtrumanD.htm
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/berlin.htm
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmarshallP.htm
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/marshall/
http://www.essortment.com/all/effectswhatcau_mmy.htm
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a series of confrontations that involved several key events, including the Truman Doctrine, the Berlin Airlift, and the Marshall Plan. Let's discuss each of these events in detail, including how they started, the reactions from both sides, and their outcomes.
1. Truman Doctrine:
The Truman Doctrine was a policy announced by U.S. President Harry S. Truman in 1947. It was initiated in response to growing Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, particularly Greece and Turkey. The crisis that triggered this policy was the Greek Civil War, in which communist insurgents were challenging the Greek government. The United States feared that if Greece fell to communism, the neighboring countries would follow suit.
In response to the crisis, Truman asked Congress for financial assistance to support Greece and Turkey. The Soviet Union viewed this doctrine as a direct challenge to their influence in the region and condemned it as "American imperialism." The Truman Doctrine marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy towards containment of Soviet expansionism.
Outcome: The Truman Doctrine established the framework for U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War. It led to increased U.S. involvement in the global arena and set the stage for future confrontations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
2. Berlin Airlift:
The Berlin Airlift was a response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948. The crisis began when the Soviet Union, in an attempt to pressure the Western Allies to withdraw from Berlin, closed all land and water routes to the city, effectively cutting off access to vital supplies. This move was in response to the introduction of a new currency in the Western-occupied zones, which the Soviets saw as a threat to their influence in East Germany.
In response, the United States and its allies launched the Berlin Airlift, flying in food, fuel, and other essential supplies to the stranded population of West Berlin. This massive airlift operation lasted for almost a year. The Soviet Union, realizing that the blockade was ineffective, eventually lifted it in 1949.
Outcome: The Berlin Airlift was a significant victory for the United States and its allies, demonstrating their commitment to defending West Berlin against Soviet aggression. It also highlighted the failure of the Soviet Union's blockade and further deepened the divide between East and West Germany.
3. Marshall Plan:
The Marshall Plan, officially known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. initiative to provide economic assistance to post-World War II Europe. It was proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall in 1947 and aimed to provide financial aid to help rebuild war-ravaged countries and prevent the spread of communism.
This crisis was triggered by the deteriorating economic conditions in Europe after World War II. The Soviet Union initially showed interest in participating, but as the United States insisted on an open economic system, the Soviets and their Eastern European satellite states rejected the offer. Instead, the Soviet Union formed its own economic bloc, known as the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), in response to the Marshall Plan.
Outcome: The Marshall Plan played a crucial role in the economic recovery of Western Europe. It helped strengthen U.S. influence in the region and counteracted Soviet attempts to gain control over those countries. The plan was successful in containing communism and fostering the growth of Western democracies.
In summary, the Truman Doctrine, Berlin Airlift, and Marshall Plan were all responses to different crises during the Cold War. These events reflected the growing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, with each side attempting to assert its influence and defend its respective ideologies. The outcomes varied, but these events laid the foundation for the protracted ideological struggle of the Cold War.