A crate full of artichokes rests on a ramp that is inclined 10.0° above the horizontal. Give the direction of the normal force and the friction force acting on the crate in each of these situations.

(a) The crate is at rest.
Normal Force :
1.perpendicular to and away from the ramp
2.perpendicular to and into the ramp
3.along the ramp upward
4.along the ramp downward

Friction force :
1.perpendicular to and away from the ramp
2.perpendicular to and into the ramp
3.along the ramp upward
4.along the ramp downward

(b) The crate is being pushed and is sliding up the ramp.
Normal Force :
1.perpendicular to and away from the ramp
2.perpendicular to and into the ramp
3.along the ramp upward
4.along the ramp downward

Friction force :
1.perpendicular to and away from the ramp
2.perpendicular to and into the ramp
3.along the ramp upward
4.along the ramp downward

(c) The crate is being pushed and is sliding down the ramp.
Normal Force :
1.perpendicular to and away from the ramp
2.perpendicular to and into the ramp
3.along the ramp upward
4.along the ramp downward

Friction force :
1.perpendicular to and away from the ramp
2.perpendicular to and into the ramp
3.along the ramp upward
4.along the ramp downward

(a) The crate is at rest.

Normal Force : 1. perpendicular to and away from the ramp
Friction force : 2. perpendicular to and into the ramp

(b) The crate is being pushed and is sliding up the ramp.
Normal Force : 2. perpendicular to and into the ramp
Friction force : 4. along the ramp downward

(c) The crate is being pushed and is sliding down the ramp.
Normal Force : 1. perpendicular to and away from the ramp
Friction force : 3. along the ramp upward

(a) The crate is at rest.

Normal Force: Option 4 - along the ramp downward. The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of the ramp, which is downward because the crate is at rest.
Friction Force: Option 2 - perpendicular to and into the ramp. The friction force opposes the motion or tendency of motion, so it acts opposite to the direction of the applied force.

(b) The crate is being pushed and is sliding up the ramp.
Normal Force: Option 4 - along the ramp downward. The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of the ramp, which is downward because the crate is being pushed up the ramp.
Friction Force: Option 2 - perpendicular to and into the ramp. The friction force opposes the motion or tendency of motion, so it acts opposite to the direction of the applied force.

(c) The crate is being pushed and is sliding down the ramp.
Normal Force: Option 4 - along the ramp downward. The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of the ramp, which is downward because the crate is being pushed down the ramp.
Friction Force: Option 1 - perpendicular to and away from the ramp. The friction force opposes the motion or tendency of motion, so it acts opposite to the direction of the applied force.

(a) The crate is at rest:

Normal Force: Option 1. The normal force is perpendicular to and away from the ramp. This is because the weight of the crate is acting downwards due to gravity, and the normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of the ramp in the opposite direction to support the crate.

Friction Force: Option 2. The friction force is perpendicular to and into the ramp. Friction always acts opposite to the direction of motion or tendency for motion when an object is at rest. Since the crate is at rest, the friction force acts in the opposite direction to any applied force, which is into the ramp.

(b) The crate is being pushed and is sliding up the ramp:

Normal Force: Option 1. The normal force is perpendicular to and away from the ramp. This is because the weight of the crate is acting downwards due to gravity, and the normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of the ramp in the opposite direction to support the crate.

Friction Force: Option 2. The friction force is perpendicular to and into the ramp. When the crate is being pushed up the ramp, the force of friction acts in the opposite direction to the applied force, which is into the ramp.

(c) The crate is being pushed and is sliding down the ramp:

Normal Force: Option 1. The normal force is perpendicular to and away from the ramp. This is because the weight of the crate is acting downwards due to gravity, and the normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of the ramp in the opposite direction to support the crate.

Friction Force: Option 4. The friction force is along the ramp downward. When the crate is sliding down the ramp, the force of friction acts in the direction opposite to the motion, which is along the ramp and downward.