37. Both animals and plant cells undergo cytokinesis after mitosis ends. How is the process and its outcome the same for both animals and plant cells? How is the process and its outcome different for animal and plant cells?
Due to the presence of a cell wall, cytokinesis in plant cells is significantly different from that in animal cells. Rather than forming a contractile ring, plant cells construct a cell plate in the middle of the cell. The Golgi apparatus releases vesicles containing cell wall materials. These vesicles fuse at the equatorial plane and form a cell plate. The cell plate begins as a fusion tube network, which then becomes a tubulo-vesicular network (TVN) as more components are added. The TVN develops into a tubular network, which then becomes a fenestrated sheet which adheres to the existing plasma membrane
-MC
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Both animal and plant cells undergo cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles following the completion of mitosis. The process and outcome of cytokinesis are similar in both animal and plant cells, but there are also key differences.
In terms of similarities, both animal and plant cells start cytokinesis by forming a contractile ring or a cell plate, respectively, at the equator of the cell. These structures consist of protein filaments, such as actin and myosin in animal cells, and vesicles containing cell wall materials in plant cells.
During cytokinesis, the contractile ring in animal cells contracts, pulling the plasma membrane inward and forming a cleavage furrow. This furrow deepens, eventually dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and organelles.
In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus releases vesicles containing cell wall materials. These vesicles fuse in the middle of the cell, forming a cell plate. The cell plate acts as a precursor to the new cell wall that will separate the daughter cells. The cell plate initially forms a fusion tube network and then develops into a tubular network and finally a fenestrated sheet. This sheet fuses with the existing plasma membrane and grows outward, dividing the cell into two daughter cells.
In terms of differences, the presence of a cell wall in plant cells makes cytokinesis significantly different than in animal cells. While animal cells rely on contraction of the contractile ring, plant cells rely on the formation and fusion of vesicles to create the cell plate.
Another difference is that animal cells typically complete cytokinesis by physically pinching off the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, while plant cells wall off the cytoplasm by depositing new cell wall material in the form of the cell plate.
Overall, cytokinesis in animal and plant cells shares the common goal of dividing the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells, but the specific mechanisms utilized by each type of cell differ due to the presence of a cell wall in plant cells.