1. He has learned Chinese this year.
2. He has learned Chinese for three months this year.
(Is the meaning of "has learned' the same in #1 and #2? If it is November, does #1 mean that he is learning Chinese in Novemver? How about in #2?)
Yes. He has learned is the Present Perfect tense. The auxiliary (helping) verb is a form of to have and it is followed by a past participle, often ending in -ed.
Sra
The meaning of "has learned" is not the same in sentence #1 and sentence #2.
In sentence #1, "He has learned Chinese this year," the verb tense "has learned" suggests that the action of learning Chinese is completed or finished. This means that he learned Chinese at some point within the current year, and it does not necessarily indicate that he is currently learning Chinese in November.
In sentence #2, "He has learned Chinese for three months this year," the verb tense "has learned" also suggests that the action of learning Chinese is completed or finished. However, the phrase "for three months" provides additional information about the duration of the learning process. By using "for," we understand that he has learned Chinese continuously over a period of three months at some point within this year. So if it is currently November, it means that he has been learning Chinese for three months at some point leading up to November, but it doesn't necessarily mean he is currently learning it in November.