According to the book, "Surviving the Extremes" ch. High Altitude, explain the following: PS-its ok if you've never read it but aslong as you can answer the qeustions well. ok here there are:
1-Why is so much heat lost from, head, hands, feet?
2-Why would the body cool down at high altitudes regardless of outside temp?
3-Describe changes that occur as body tries to acclimatize to high altitudes?
4-Describe causes and effects of pulmonary edema and cerebral edemo?
5-What 2 factors caused Ricardo's heart attack?
6-Why does frostbite occur?
Again its ok if you've never read the book or the chapter before, but if you can answer the qeustions to a good extent than its all good. thxs so much
1- Heat loss from the head, hands, and feet occurs due to a combination of factors. The head has a large surface area and is typically not covered by clothing, making it more susceptible to heat loss. Additionally, the scalp contains a significant number of blood vessels, so heat is lost through the skin. Hands and feet also have a relatively large surface area and a high density of blood vessels close to the skin's surface, facilitating heat transfer. Moreover, these extremities are often exposed to the environment, which further increases heat loss.
2- At high altitudes, the body tends to cool down regardless of the outside temperature due to reduced air pressure. As altitude increases, the air becomes thinner, which lowers its ability to hold and conduct heat. This causes the body to lose heat more rapidly through radiation and convection. The decreased oxygen levels at high altitudes can also affect blood circulation, reducing the delivery of warm blood to the skin's surface and further contributing to the cooling effect.
3- When the body tries to acclimatize to high altitudes, several changes occur. These adaptations aim to increase oxygen delivery, improve breathing efficiency, and maintain an adequate blood supply to vital organs. Some of the changes include an increase in red blood cell production to optimize oxygen-carrying capacity, an increase in breathing rate, an expansion of blood vessels in the lungs, and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure. These adaptations typically take several days or weeks to occur fully.
4- Pulmonary edema is caused by a buildup of fluid in the lungs, often resulting from high-altitude exposure. The low oxygen levels at high altitudes can lead to constriction of blood vessels in the lungs, causing increased pressure. This, in turn, results in leakage of fluid from the capillaries into the lung tissue, impairing oxygen exchange. Cerebral edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the brain. It can be caused by a lack of oxygen and inadequate blood flow to the brain, which can occur at high altitudes. Both pulmonary and cerebral edema can have severe consequences, including respiratory distress, confusion, and potentially death.
5- Without specific information about Ricardo and the context of his situation in the book, it is impossible to determine the exact factors that caused his heart attack. The book "Surviving the Extremes" would likely provide details related to Ricardo's medical history, altitude exposure, physical exertion, and other relevant factors contributing to his heart attack.
6- Frostbite occurs due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, which leads to damage in the skin and underlying tissues. When exposed to extreme cold, blood vessels in the affected areas constrict to redirect blood flow to vital organs, leaving the extremities vulnerable to freezing. Ice crystal formation within cells further damages tissues. If untreated, frostbite can result in tissue death and potentially necessitate amputation. Proper insulation, protection, and warming of exposed body parts are essential to prevent frostbite.