Beginning with an "is" statement and deducing an "ought" statement is known as the "is-ought problem" or Hume's Guillotine. It refers to the difficulty of logically deriving normative or ethical claims from descriptive statements. This concept was famously highlighted by the philosopher David Hume, who argued that it is not logically valid to move from statements about how the world is (descriptive statements) to statements about how the world ought to be (prescriptive or normative statements). In doing so, there is a gap between descriptive and normative claims that cannot be bridged by reason alone.
