1. All of the following were results of the Meiji reform EXCEPT

a. created of the Diet
b. institution of a Japanese caste system
c. establishment of a new educational system
d. construction of the railroads
B

-MC

Right.

To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the Meiji reform and its outcomes. The Meiji reform refers to a period of significant political, social, and economic changes that took place in Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This reform aimed to modernize and Westernize Japan in order to catch up with the more developed nations of the West.

a. The creation of the Diet: The Diet is a national assembly or parliament. This was indeed one of the key outcomes of the Meiji reform, as it established a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature.

b. Institution of a Japanese caste system: Japan had a traditional social hierarchy based on a feudal caste system called the Edo period. However, the Meiji reform aimed to break down these feudal structures and promote equality among its citizens. Therefore, the institution of a new caste system is not an outcome of the Meiji reform.

c. Establishment of a new educational system: The Meiji reform placed great emphasis on education and established a new modern educational system. This system aimed to provide widespread access to education and promote ideas of Western learning and science.

d. Construction of railroads: The Meiji reform included the construction of a robust transportation infrastructure, including railroads. The development of railroads played a significant role in the modernization and economic growth of Japan during this period.

Therefore, the correct answer is b. institution of a Japanese caste system, as it goes against the goal of breaking down feudal structures and promoting equality among citizens during the Meiji reform.