What are the available text attributes in Word?
What font attributes can be accessed only through the font dialog box?
I'm not clear on what your first question means, but keep in mind that for each font listed in the font dialog box, each font also has bold and italic forms, too. Each one is considered a separate font. For example, there's Arial (plain), Arial bold, and Arial italic. You choose the font in its plain form from the font dialog box; you choose the bold or the italic version of that font by means of the B or I button at the top of the screen.
I think that includes answers for both your questions. Let us know if it doesn't.