why do plants produce far more sugar than they need? why do they not stop photosynthesis once immedaite needs are met?
The continue to photosynthesize to have a spare storage of energy in case anything should happen. Like in humans for example humans store energy in ATP sacks. These bursts of extra energy are used when one is tired and so on.
Plants produce more sugar than they immediately need for several reasons. One of the main reasons is that plants need a constant energy source to support various physiological processes, such as growth, reproduction, and defense against diseases and environmental stressors. Producing more sugar than required allows them to maintain a continuous supply of energy to meet these needs.
Another reason is that plants need to store excess sugar as carbohydrates for future use. This stored sugar serves as a reserve that can be mobilized during periods of low sunlight, such as winter or shade conditions. It provides a backup energy source when photosynthesis is limited or not occurring.
Furthermore, plants also utilize sugar for the production of secondary metabolites, such as pigments, scents, and defense compounds. These metabolites play crucial roles in attracting pollinators, repelling herbivores, and defending against pathogens. Excess sugar production ensures an ample supply for these secondary metabolic processes.
As for why plants do not stop photosynthesis once their immediate needs are met, it's because plants do not have the ability to predict future energy requirements. Photosynthesis is a complex and interconnected process involving various enzymes, molecules, and regulatory pathways. It is not feasible for a plant to shut down this intricate system based on immediate energy needs alone. Instead, plants maintain a continual process of photosynthesis, allowing them to adapt and respond to changing environmental conditions and future energy demands.