A research article included the following table:
Mean Score on Four Questionnarie Scales Before and After the Experimental Manipulation.
Questionnaire Before After Change
Dominance 18.42 16.31 -2.11
Independence 17.25 21.38 4.13**
Conformity 18.97 17.20 -1.77*
Nurturance 16.11 13.89 -2.22*
_________________________
* p<.05 **p<.01
Which of the following differences was/were NOT significant?
Dominance
Independence
Conformity
None, all were clearly significant
Which does not have an asterisk?
dominance
To determine which difference(s) were not significant, we need to examine the p-values associated with each change in the table.
In the given table, the p-values are represented by asterisks (*). The significance levels represented by the asterisks are as follows:
- One asterisk (*): p < .05, indicating statistical significance at the 0.05 level.
- Two asterisks (**): p < .01, indicating statistical significance at the 0.01 level.
Looking at the table, we see that the changes in Dominance, Conformity, and Nurturance have p-values of * or **, indicating that they are statistically significant at either the 0.05 or 0.01 level.
However, the change in Independence has a p-value of **, indicating that it is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. This means that the difference in the Independence scale before and after the experimental manipulation is indeed significant.
Therefore, the answer to the question is:
Dominance was NOT a significant difference.