has managed health care been successful in controling health care cost?
Maybe.
Several years ago my 12-year-old granddaughter had an accident at a gymnastics meet. She missed the vault and landed with great force under it. It was clear to the hundreds of other gymnasts, coaches, and spectators that she could have broken her neck or back. EMTs and an ambulance transported her to the nearest hospital where they found that she was not injured (thank goodness!). She was released in an hour or two.
Her HMO fought for a few months to avoid paying for this emergency care. In an attempt to save money, the HMO probably spent as much money on paperwork and unnecessary personnel time spent fighting this claim and eventually paid it.
What else have you learned about HMOs controlling health care costs?